The Nature of God Articles
God in Three Persons
Greg Haslam
Re-visiting Our Trinitarian Faith
Question: What do the following all have in common? – Our existence as persons; our ability to give and receive love; our confidence that the cosmos makes sense; highly relational churches; our experience of salvation; true worship; the space, time, matter continuum; what makes us truly human, and Christianity utterly unique.
Answer: The Trinity.
The word ‘Trinity’ is not found in the Bible of course. Some dismiss it for that reason alone. To others it is a mysterious, even dubious concept, a stumbling block to sceptical minds. It seems illogical and irrational. It’s widely thought to stem from mixing biblical theology with Greek philosophy, and coming up with nonsense! Even if true, it’s considered to be impossible to explain or prove. Anyway, what’s the point? Don’t Muslims hate the concept, insisting it distorts the truth about one God? Nothing in the world’s religions resembles it. Christian cults like Jehovah’s Witnesses, Christadelphians and Mormons, along with ‘Oneness’ (Jesus Only) Pentecostals deny it. And many Liberals, Unitarians, Deists and Quakers agree with them. Doesn’t it lead to some form of polytheism? Isn’t it just ‘gobble-de-gook’ designed to keep ‘armchair theologians’ busy, but irrelevant to the real world?
God the Three-in-One
Actually, ‘Trinity’ is a combination of two numbers – three and one – in one word. The word may not be in the Bible, but the theological concept definitely is. God is not a pure monad – undifferentiated one-ness, like Allah. Failure to understand this leads to something less than the God of the Bible. Manufacturing vague notions or popular ideas about God that don’t tally with what the Bible says about Him, can become wishful thinking or even idolatry. If we really want to know God we have to listen to what He says about Himself. We find this in the Bible. If the Trinity isn’t scriptural, let’s forget all about it. It would have been easier for the Apostles and the Early Church Fathers if they had. They wouldn’t have suffered so much! But they couldn’t do that. The data of their new spiritual experiences, the Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments, and the challenge posed by heretical opponents – Jewish and Gentile – forced them to articulate the truth about God as Trinity with deepening accuracy and insight over many centuries. How do we explain this concept?
Some use pictures, symbols and illustrations e.g. the family with its father, mother and child. Clover has three leaves and one stem. Water subsists as ice, liquid and steam. An actor changes costumes to play different roles in the play. Light behaves like particles, waves and observable rays. We sometimes talk to ourselves, maybe God does too? But all of these images are faulty, for none are truly trinitarian. They suggest successive roles or ‘modes’ of an undifferentiated singular Deity’s operations through time, or they indicate completely separate parts in God. But God is three-in-one, eternally three Persons in one God.
Defining the Trinity
There are five components to this idea of Trinity that find abundant support in Scripture:
- There is only one essential being within God.
- God eternally subsists in the form of three Persons or centres of consciousness (In Genesis 1:26, Elohim - ‘God’, is a plural noun. He says, ‘Let us make man…’)
- Each of these Persons is fully divine.
- Each of these Persons is distinct from the other two, yet one with them.
- The three Persons have eternally co-existed as one God – Father, Son and Holy Spirit.
The Bible intrudes this data upon our minds, and the Holy Spirit testifies to its truth in the hearts of genuine believers. Both witnesses tell us that there are three forms through whom God is revealed to us. Each fully shares the essence of total divinity. The Father is wholly God, the Son is wholly God, and the Holy Spirit is wholly God – three Persons yet only one God.
- Jesus the Son is distinct from the Father, yet He is as much God as the Father is.
- The Holy Spirit is distinct from the Father and Son, yet truly personal and equally divine with the Father and the Son.
- Yet there is only one God, not three distinct Gods, nor three chronologically successive modes of God’s existence, each cancelling out the previous one.
A mystery? Yes. But not an absurdity. We are talking about God here!
Can we ever fully understand Him? No. Tragically, the post-modern church is drifting away from Trinitarianism! It shows up in our approach to worship. We concentrate on Jesus. We neglect the Old Testament because its God seems contradictory to popular conceptions of Jesus. We even substitute other trinitarian ideas. It’s been said that, in practice, Roman Catholics believe in a trinity of Father, Son and Holy Virgin; Anglo-Catholics believe in a trinity of Father, Son and Holy Sacrament; Evangelicals believe in a trinity of Father, Son and Holy Scripture; and Charismatics, a trinity of Jesus, Spirit, and Holy Mega-church! A parody? Certainly, but with more than a grain of truth in it! Robin Parry suggests, “For many Christians the Trinity has become something of an appendix: it’s there, but they are not sure what its function is, they get by in life without it doing very much, and if they have it removed they wouldn’t be too distressed.”[1] It seems utterly irrelevant, of no significance for life today.
What Do the Scriptures Say?
Recall that the Bible is clear in its teaching on the being of God. It witnesses powerfully to our innermost instincts concerning our experiences of God, even if we cannot fully explain them yet. We have encountered His three-in-one-ness. We know the Father, Son and Holy Spirit – all three. Yet we remain staunch monotheists and not idolaters. To us there is only one God, and we jealously guard that fact. God brooks no competitors, no rivals, and no successors. He alone is worthy of our worship (Deut. 6:4; Exod. 20:3).
Yet, in Jesus Christ we also see One who eternally existed before the beginning of time, and who was ‘face-to-face’ (Gk. pros) with God and was God (Jn. 1:1; 8:58). He so fully represented God, creating all things alongside God, that we can affirm Him as God (Jn. 14:9-10; Col. 1:15-16; 2:9; Heb. 1:1-4). It is therefore right, to worship Him as God (Matt. 2:2; John 20:28), for He does all of the things only God can do, like forgiving sin (Matt. 9:2), raising the dead (John 5:21), judging the world (Matt. 25:31ff; Jn. 5:22-23), and claiming equality with God as His Son (Jn. 10:33-39; Ps. 2:7; Rom. 1:4; Heb. 1:2-3). Tom Wright provocatively affirms, “To say that Jesus is in some sense God is of course to make a startling statement about Jesus. It is also to make a startling statement about God.” [2] There was no time when Jesus was not God. There will be no time Jesus will not be God. There was a time He was not man. There will be no time He ceases to be man.
Similarly, the Holy Spirit was sent by the Father and the Son, and thus proceeds from them both (Jn. 14:16). He was at work in creation also (Gen. 1:2). He is fully personal and divine like Jesus (Jn. 14:16; 15:26; 16:7-8 – note the personal pronoun, Gk. ekeinos – ‘he’, when ‘Spirit’ is neuter). He is also eternal (Heb. 9:14). He intercedes for us, implying His omnipresence, omnipotence and omniscience (Rom. 8:26-27). He can be lied to, blasphemed, and grieved (Acts 5:3-4, Eph. 4:30). He indwells us as God Himself living in His ‘temple’ (I Cor. 3:16).
God-as-God-is-in-Himself (‘Immanent/Ontological Trinity’) is revealed in the way He works in His world as God-as-God-is-towards-us (‘Economic Trinity’). There is no contradiction. Though there is a much bigger remainder of mystery than there is understanding on this matter, the facts underline a strict monotheism (there is only one God), pointing away from any hint of polytheism (many gods) or tri-theism (three Gods), towards Trinitarianism (belief in God as Three-in-One). It’s taken centuries to clearly interpret and articulate the evidence for this. More light may yet break forth.
What Difference Does It Make?
Are there any important practical and world-changing implications to all this? Here’s a selection:
CREATION – Genesis 1 is essentially a polemic against the theology of ancient Egypt and all idolatrous worldviews. It kicks out all other gods except Yahweh. It rubbishes purely mechanistic and naturalistic explanations for the existence and maintenance of space, time, matter, particles, planets and people. The Triune God created them all ex-nihilo, in six diurnal days, through His Word and Spirit, declaring everything to be ‘very good’ i.e. perfect and not in the ‘experimental stage’! All creation reflects God’s nature and power as Trinity (Gen. 1:1-2; Isaiah. 6:3; Rom. 1:20, Col. 1:15-20). Each element in it has a separate integrity but is also inter-related as one – a universe not a multi-verse. Credit where credit’s due; sin apart – God alone is to be praised for everything that exists.
SALVATION – The Bible affirms salvation as exclusively God’s work. Rituals, saints, good works, sacraments, relics or pilgrimages cannot save us. If the Father had not devised a plan for our salvation by placating His holy wrath against our sin, and rescuing through His Son’s perfect life and atoning death on the cross, then recovering us by the invasive power of the Holy Spirit who re-created and washed us – then we would all be lost. We need to believe on Jesus, be justified and adopted by God, and baptized in the Holy Spirit. Salvation involves the whole Trinity.
UNIQUENESS – The Trinity offers but one way of salvation to all mankind. God is distinguishable from all pagan deities and even the Gods of monotheistic religious like Judaism and Islam, because He is now revealed in Christ and the coming of the Spirit as Trinity. The Gospel excludes alternative routes to salvation for mankind. The Gospel’s exclusive so it can be inclusive. If we believe all roads lead to God, there’s no incentive to invite others to change direction. But God will not abandon people to religious lies or damning error. He says, ‘You shall have no other gods besides me.’ (Exod. 20:3) We can’t opt to worship Him under different names or alien identities. God has rights too. He has revealed Himself as Trinity – Father, Son and Spirit – for us and our salvation. Other routes are only blind alleys. Our God is unique.
RELATIONSHIPS – The Trinity is the origin of human relationships. This is the essence of our being made in God’s image. ‘God is love’ because He has always had someone to love – the Persons of the Godhead. He did not need us, but He wanted a bigger family to share His happiness with. The loving inter-action and inter-dependence of Father, Son and Spirit from all eternity, means that society and fellowship began before angels or men existed. We reflect the perfect matrix of the Trinity in our relating well together. Churches can show the world how to do this. At the root of all present-day oppressive dictatorships, divided or monochrome societies, devaluation of certain individuals and the inability to cultivate loving community, is a denial of the Trinity. The Trinity models an image of mutuality, reciprocity and a totally shared life.
HUMANITY, AUTHORITY AND SUBMISSION – The Trinity is surprisingly ‘human’, not because God is like us, but because we are like Him – singular yet plural. God is an ordered, loving, equal, and generous society of Persons, each free to be themselves. There is no contradiction between freedom and submission to authority in human relationships, because it’s there in the Godhead. The Son obeys the Father, and the Spirit executes their will in submission to both. Yet all are equally God, and possess equal dignity and honour. Marriage reflects this supremely (Eph. 5:22-25; I Cor. 11:2-16, I Tim. 2:11-15). It should model God’s order so that both church and society can also.
PHILOSOPHY – The ultimate questions in Philosophy concern worldview issues: ‘Who are we? Where did we come from? How do things ‘fit’? Where are we going?’ This is the problem of ‘The One and the Many’ – how does amazing diversity in the cosmos find its ultimate unity? The answer is that God Himself is the original ‘One and Many’. He loves diversity, but He anchors it in total unity. God is therefore more glorified by heterogeneity than homogeneity. There’s no beauty without variety, only boredom. The regimentation of societies, churches, tastes and preferences is ugly. God set the whole creation free to be itself yet ordered and unified it in Himself, its Creator. This belief made Science possible.
TRIADIC SPEECH – The Bible is full of this. God is plural (Ps. 135:5-6; Isa. 6:3; 48:16; 63:9-10; Ps. 33:6; Hagg. 2:5-7). John the Baptist’s call to conversion involved God, Christ and the Spirit (Matt. 3:1-11). All three Persons were present at Christ’s baptism (Matt. 3:16-17). The baptismal ‘naming’ formula of Jesus is trinitarian (Matt. 28:19). Note Paul’s triune blessing of believers (II Cor. 13:14), his three-fold praise for our salvation, his trinitarian prayers (Eph. 1:1:3-14; 3:14-17), the way spiritual gifts are attributed to all Three (I Cor. 12:4-6), how successful church life flows from them too (I Thess. 1:3-4), and the fact that Christian unity is anchored in Triune diversity-in-unity (Eph. 4:1-7). We need to become more Trinity-aware and consciously vocal about this in our God-talk with others!
WORSHIP – True worship is Trinitarian or it is not Christian at all. It is a journey to the Father, through the Son, in the power of the Holy Spirit. All three Persons of the Godhead are to be acknowledged, honoured, praised and intimately encountered in worship activities that aim to please God. We can have fellowship with Father, Son and Holy Spirit, all three, and enjoy their manifest presence among us. Each Person is fully alive in and through the other because of their mutual indwelling in the Godhead (Gk. perichoresis – ‘interpenetration’). The act of One is the act of All. When we encounter One we also encounter all Three – God above us; God beside us; God inside us. Amazing! It almost makes you want to worship!
Holy, holy, holy, Lord God Almighty!
All Thy works shall praise Thy Name,
in earth and sky and sea;
Holy, holy, holy! Merciful and mighty,
God in Three Persons, blessed Trinity![3]
SELECTED RECOMMENDED READING:
Tim Chester ‘Delighting In The Trinity’ (Monarch)
Brian Edgar ‘The Message of the Trinity’ (Bible Speaks Today, IVP)
John M. Frame ‘The Doctrine of God’ (Presbyterian and Reformed)
Robert Letham ‘The Holy Trinity’ (Presbyterian and Reformed)
Donald MacLeod ‘Shared Life’ (Christian Focus)
Donald MacLeod ‘Behold Your God’ (Christian Focus)
Robin Parry ‘Worshipping Trinity’ (Paternoster)
James R. White ‘The Forgotten Trinity’ (Bethany House)
Postscript: This is my favourite symbol of the Trinity. It actually moves me emotionally whenever I see it, because of the true concepts it evokes.
‘GOD IN THREE PERSONS’
This is called a Triquetras symbol for the Trinity i.e. ‘three cornered’ An early Trinitarian design found especially in Great Britain,
its three equal arcs represent equality, its continuous line
expresses eternity, and the interweaving represents indivisibility.
It is suggested that the design is based on the sign of the fish known
to be used by early Christians.
[1] Robin Parry, Worshipping Trinity, Paternoster, 2000
[2] N. T. Wright, Who Was Jesus?, SPCK, 1992, p.5
[3] Last stanza of the Hymn, Holy, Holy, Holy, by Reginald Heber (1783-1826)
Author Profile
Greg Haslam
Greg Haslam was born and raised in Liverpool. He is married to Ruth and they have three grown-up sons. James is a Senior House Officer in Anaesthetics in London (he and his wife Emily also have two daughters). Andrew is now married to Sie Yan and has finished his MA in Theology and is now on Staff at Westminster Chapel as the 20's Pastor. Joshua has recently graduated from University College London after studying Philosophy and Economics.
Greg studied Theology and History at Durham University. After teaching high school he trained for the ministry at the London Theological Seminary before moving to Winchester where he pastored for 21 years until his call to Westminster Chapel, London in March 2002.
Greg has travelled widely as a preacher and conference speaker, both in UK and overseas. He believes strongly in the recovery of strong healthy churches, characterised by a strong and vigorous God-centred focus. This is manifested primarily in a renewed confidence in God’s Word, and a conscious engagement with His Spirit. Such churches bring hope to the world!
He is the author of many articles and six books. The latest include ‘Preach the Word!’ (Sovereign World), ‘A Radical Encounter with God’ (New Wine Press) ‘Moving in the Prophetic’ (Monarch Books) and ‘The Man Who Man Wrestled With God’ (New Wine Press). He has also contributed to the recently published Should Christians Embrace Evolution? (IVP).
Westminster Chapel
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Ebb & Flow
Graham Cooke
It is one of the paradoxes of God’s nature: He is constant, and yet He works seasonally. Our humanity has trouble dealing with such a concept. Everything the eternal God does is seasonal. In the natural, He created four seasons to guide the earth through times of sowing, reaping, working, and rest; the same holds true in the spiritual realm. But for some reason, most churches strive desperately to find a perfect balance. They want to be consistent and balance teaching and worship, the Word and the Spirit.
God, however, rejects that notion of balance. His Spirit ebbs and flows in our lives. There are times when we flow in the Word of God, and times when we flow in the Spirit. Our job is to see what God is doing and react to Him in it. If He is revealing mysteries through Scripture, than we need to focus strongly on the Bible. If He is unveiling things through the gifts and work of the Holy Spirit, then we need to run with that.
We cannot live in a continuous flow of the Spirit. It’s unnatural. For every flow, there must be ebb. For every high tide, there is a low tide. When we are ebbing in the Spirit, God brings us to the constancy of His Word. That Word then underpins our next season in the Spirit—God uses the ebb to teach us about our next breakthrough. What we do in the low tide of the Spirit is absolutely vital to the next flow God wants to bring us into. He sees both the ebb and the flow as a way for Him to lead us.
Christians must begin to embrace the constancy of God’s seasons. If He doesn’t speak initially, He always does eventually. Until that Word comes, we must learn to rest in Him. It is absolutely impossible to be both established and exploring at the same time. God has not given us the capacity to balance such a paradox. Instead, we swing between the two extremes, depending on what God is doing in that season. At times, we will be absolutely established and welded to the Word of God. At other times, we will be on a deep journey, exploring the mysteries of the Spirit. To stay in a continuous stream of the Word will only reduce God to an intelligent thought—we will only love Him with all of our mind. But when we explore, we begin to love Him with all of our strength, becoming reliant on Him. Our lives must go through both wonderful winter seasons of the Word, and sizzling summer seasons of the Spirit.
Imagine a church that understood the ebb and flow of God. When the Spirit was moving, its people would be released to explore and worship using the highest forms of praise. Nights would be spent on simply worshipping God. Power encounters would be daily events.
And that same church would have the maturity to realize when God was calling them back to His Word. Such a church would become a dynamic place of teaching and truth. It would trust that God’s Word, placed in the hearts of His children, would accompany them on a deep exploration into the Spirit. Its people would rally around the teachers and the pastors, knowing that they were being prepared for the next great flow in the Spirit.
The Word and the Spirit enjoy a marvelous relationship. They are never in conflict; they know when to submit to one another. They know when to ebb and when to flow.
Author Profile
Graham Cooke
Graham Cooke is part of the leadership team at The Mission, Vacaville, CA. Graham is a popular conference speaker and is well known for his training programs on the prophetic, spiritual warfare and intimacy with God, leadership and spirituality. He functions as a consultant, specifically helping churches make the transition from one dimension of calling to a higher level of vision and ministry.
He has a passion to build prototype churches that can fully reach our postmodern society. A thinker and a strategist, Graham is also a builder with a particular desire to establish resource churches that are prophetic, progressive and supernatural. In this capacity, he acts as a consultant on the process of transition to a wide number of churches, cities and networks for the development of new prototype churches.
Website: www.grahamcooke.com | Resources: www.brilliantbookhouse.com | Books here
Hide and Seek
Paul Jackson
Hide and Seek
When my kids were all under 9 years of age we were living on the 7 acre property I grew up on. My parents had built a large sandpit and play ground for all the grandkids to play in when they came together. One afternoon my kids had asked if we could play hide and seek outside. One of them began to count and we all ran to find a hiding spot. Now obviously when playing hide and seek with five kids under nine, it is not that difficult for an adult to hide and stay hidden. However when a father plays hide and seek with his kids, his objective is never to hide from them, but to hide for them. A father hides with the joyful expectation of being discovered by one of his kids.
After hearing a few of the other kids being found my heart started to beat faster at the anticipation of being found. I could imagine the looks on their faces when they discovered me, so I started to send out some clues. I poked out a series of body parts and waited. Hmmm. I threw some objects nearby in the hope that they might get a visual clue as to my location. No one seemed to catch on.
I began to let out some sounds to help them find me. I made a few knocks on the object I was hiding behind and eagerly waited their discovery of dad. Inside my head I could already hear the squeals of excitement that would pierce the air if they were to come around the corner. But still nothing. I let out a series of “Woop-woop” sounds to try and help them get a fix on my location. Still no one came near me.
Somewhat disappointed that my clues were not being received I began to call out their names to get their attention. “Surely that would help them discover me”, I thought. But after what seemed like an eternity of trying to be found, I came out of my hiding spot and started to search for them. As I came around the corner of the shed I could hear their playful voices in the back yard. I walked toward their voices and found them playing with trucks and building roads in the sandpit. They seemed to be completely unaware that we had been playing a game of hide and seek. They had given up and seemed oblivious to the fact that I was busting to be found by them.
God Hides For You Not From You
It was sometime later that I realized how powerful a picture that experience was of our journey with the Lord. John’s post resurrection account of the disciples (Jn 20-21) highlights the tensions of faith in pursuing the Lord. Mary is the first discover that Jesus was not where she expected to find Him (20:1). She calls Peter and John for backup and they start collecting clues – an empty tomb, the strips of linen, the head cloth folded and put aside (20:2-7). They saw and believed though “They still did not understand from Scripture that Jesus had to rise from the dead” (20:8-9). Peter and John head back home but Mary stays (20:10-11).
I feel for the boys. The dilemma of what to do next. When to go. When to stay. Have you been there? I’ve been in both places many times – stayed on for more and got more than I expected, and I’ve pulled up stumps when the night seemed to be over and gone home wondering, ‘what if we’d stayed?’ It’s still always a tough call to make in the moment but experience, regret and hindsight have taught me that if in doubt, stay longer.
Mary’s ‘staying longer’ pays off. As she bends down to look into the tomb she discovers more clues – two angels in white sitting where Jesus had been laid (20:12-13). Something causes her to turn from her conversation with the angels and as she turns around she finds herself face to face with the One she is looking for but she doesn’t recognize Him. He is still hidden (20:14-15).
Mary has been diligently and passionately searching for the One she loves. She’s followed every hint and clue to the very edge of discovery. The love and affection that was building and stirring in her heart for days had now intensified exponentially throughout the morning. Was she aware how close she was to the thrill of her life? I wonder if her spirit was stirring inside as she stood in the presence of her resurrected Savior and King. Again, I’ve experienced both. I’ve felt the buzz of knowing that you are about to step into something amazing and I’ve stepped into something amazing having been completely clueless the moment before.
And what about Jesus? He must have been just about busting at this point. This is the moment He’s been waiting for. He’s standing veiled before the passionate pursuit of a worshipper who has sought Him with all her heart. What happens in the heart of God as He anticipates a ‘man encounter’, as He stands on the verge of being discovered by His creation? As He anticipates the return of the love with which He first loved us? This is the God who, when it comes to worship, goes by the name “Jealous” (Ex 34:14). One of God’s favorite descriptions of His relationship with humanity is as a husband who burns with zeal, ardor and jealousy for His wife. Anthropomorphically speaking, He is a passionate lover.
John’s record of the moment of discovery is brief but powerful. Jesus had remained hidden throughout His conversation with Mary up to this point but when He speaks her name she spins and throws herself at Him with an exclamation of shock and joy, “Rabboni!” (20:16). What a moment. What a thrill. The God who hides for you, not from you.
I may be being a bit harsh in my interpretation of the other disciples post resurrection activities but it seems to me that Jesus was doing most of the chasing in their case. Whether they were locking themselves away in rooms for fear of the Jews (20:19&26), going back home[1] (Lk 24:13-33), or going back to business as usual (Jn 21), Jesus seems to be doing most of the finding. While thankful and responsive, the disciples seem a little less engaged in the process of discovery until the ascension. Something seems to ‘click’ at the ascension (Acts 1&2). Maybe it was the clear instruction to ‘wait’ in Jerusalem, or the promise that the Father would baptize them in the Holy Spirit. Maybe it was the charge that the Holy Spirit would empower them to be His witnesses. Whatever it was, the passionate pursuit that Mary had demonstrated was now taking on a corporate expression and this time they would stay longer.
What about you?
[1] “Whether they went thither upon business, or to see some friend, does not appear. I suspect that they were going homewards to Galilee, with an intention not to enquire more after this Jesus; that they were meditating a retreat, and stole away from their company without asking leave or taking leave; for the accounts brought them that morning of their Master’s resurrection seemed to them as idle tales; and, if so, no wonder that they began to think of making the best of their way home. But as they travelled they talked together of all those things which had happened, Luk_24:14. They had not courage to confer of these things, and consult what was to be done in the present juncture at Jerusalem, for fear of the Jews; but, when they were got out of the hearing of the Jews, they could talk it over with more freedom. They talked over these things, reasoning with themselves concerning the probabilities of Christ’s resurrection; for, according as these appeared, they would either go forward or return back to Jerusalem.” (Matthew Henry’s Commentary on the Whole Bible – Lk 24:13)
Author Profile
Paul Jackson
Paul Jackson is husband to Charmain, father to five children and pastor to Park Ridge Baptist Church. Paul was left ruined for the ordinary after several months of dramatic God encounters in the fellowship in 2002 and 2005. These encounters sent he and the fellowship on an outrageous adventure into the 'more' of God. The pursuit of God has brought opportunities to minister in Kenya, Malaysia, Florida, Fiji, Vanuatu and the Solomon Islands. He has a passion to see people awakened, restored, empowered, equiped and released into their Kingdom commission.
Website: www.pajackson.com
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